Diving in Portugal (Azores) in January

Conditions in January

So, you’re thinking about diving the Azores in January? Let’s be real – it’s not exactly peak season for sun-bathing, but for the intrepid diver, it offers a unique, rugged beauty. The weather above water can be unpredictable, with cooler temperatures typically ranging from 11-15°C (52-59°F). Expect a mix of sunny spells, cloud cover, and occasional rain showers. The air can feel quite fresh, so pack layers for when you’re not in your drysuit!

The sea state in January can be a bit of a mixed bag. While you can certainly experience calm, clear days, rougher seas are also a possibility, especially further offshore. This might mean rescheduling some dives or sticking to more sheltered sites. It’s all part of the adventure in the North Atlantic during winter. Water temperatures hover between 15-17°C (59-63°F), which definitely calls for substantial thermal protection. Visibility, however, can be spectacular, often exceeding 20-30 meters (65-100 feet) on good days, thanks to the cooler water and less plankton.

Currents around the Azores are generally moderate, but they can pick up in certain areas or during specific tidal conditions. Your experienced dive guide will always be monitoring these. While whale sharks and most larger pelagics have migrated south for the warmer waters, there’s still a surprising amount of life to encounter, making January a fascinating time for those who appreciate the wilder side of nature.

What you will see

Even though the big, iconic pelagics like whale sharks and manta rays are not typically present in January, the Azores still hold plenty of marine treasures. This time of year is fantastic for encountering resident species and some interesting migratory visitors. You’ll frequently spot large schools of pelagic fish like barracuda and jacks, often swirling around seamounts and offshore pinnacles. The volcanic topography creates dramatic underwater landscapes, forming perfect homes for a variety of moray eels, octopus, and colourful nudibranchs clinging to the vibrant encrusting life.

For shark enthusiasts, conditions can still favour sightings of oceanic whitetips and blue sharks, particularly around offshore seamounts, though they are less frequent than in the warmer months. Keep a keen eye out for devil rays, which can sometimes be seen gracefully gliding past. The cool, clear waters also provide excellent conditions for spotting curious common dolphins and bottlenose dolphins, who are year-round residents and often make playful appearances around dive boats.

Below the waves, the macro life genuinely shines. Look closely at the rocky crevices and walls, and you’ll discover an incredible array of crustaceans, including various species of shrimp and crabs. The unique volcanic structures are draped in colourful sponges and soft corals, attracting smaller reef fish like wrasses and blennies. While the dramatic large animal encounters are less guaranteed than in summer, January offers a more intimate experience with the Azores’ endemic and resident marine life, rewarding those who are patient and observant.

Top dive sites this month

Given the potential for choppier seas in January, dive operators often focus on sites closer to shore or those offering more shelter. On São Miguel, the Dori Wreck is a popular choice. This historic cargo ship, resting at around 20 meters, is teeming with marine life, including schools of fish, barracuda, and various crustaceans, offering an accessible and fascinating dive even with less-than-perfect surface conditions. Also on São Miguel, the Ilhéu de Vila Franca do Campo, a beautiful natural reserve, provides a sheltered caldera with crystal-clear waters and an abundance of reef fish, perfect for a relaxed exploration.

For those looking for a bit more adventure and when conditions allow, the offshore pinnacle of Ambrosio near Santa Maria can still deliver incredible encounters, though it’s less predictable for large pelagics in January. However, its vibrant reef life and dramatic topography make it a worthwhile dive. Another excellent option, conditions permitting, is the diving around the island of Terceira. Sites like the Baixa do Barbeiro offer stunning volcanic formations and healthy reef ecosystems, often revealing moray eels, groupers, and vibrant nudibranchs. While some of the more exposed seamounts might be off-limits due to swell, these near-shore and sheltered locations promise rewarding dives throughout January.

Practical tips for your trip

For diving in 15-17°C (59-63°F) water, a drysuit is highly recommended for comfort and extended bottom time. If a drysuit isn't an option, a robust 7mm semi-dry wetsuit with a hood, gloves, and booties is the absolute minimum, but be prepared to get chilly! This month is best suited for experienced divers who are comfortable with potential surge and colder conditions. While beginners can certainly dive, they should be well-prepared for the cooler temperatures and aware that some offshore sites might be inaccessible.

Liveaboard availability in January for the Azores is generally very limited, as most operators focus on the warmer months when the big pelagic migrations are in full swing. You’ll be looking at land-based dive centres for day trips. Booking with a reputable local dive centre that has experience with winter diving is crucial. They will know the best sheltered spots and have the most up-to-date weather and sea condition information.

What to pack? Beyond your dive gear (and a good amount of thermal protection!), bring warm, waterproof clothing, sturdy shoes, and layers for surface intervals. A good book and an appreciation for the dramatic, wild beauty of the Azores are also recommended, as some days might be spent exploring the islands above water if conditions prevent diving. Be aware that flight schedules can sometimes be affected by winter weather, so allow for some flexibility in your travel plans. While January in the Azores offers a different kind of dive experience, it's incredibly rewarding for those seeking adventure and a more authentic, less crowded encounter with this magnificent destination.