Dive Site: Berlengas Nature Reserve

About Berlengas Nature Reserve

The Berlengas Nature Reserve is an exceptional diving destination located approximately 10 to 15 kilometers west of Peniche, Portugal. Recognized as a UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve, this archipelago boasts transparent waters and a remarkably rich underwater environment. Its geological composition, distinct from the mainland, features granite islands, steep slopes, and numerous caves and canyons, making it a unique habitat for diverse marine species. Depths across the dive sites in Berlengas range from a shallow 5 meters to a maximum of 40 meters, catering to various experience levels. The volcanic and rocky seabed is home to abundant marine life, frequently sighted within its intricate network of caves and grottos. Visibility often extends from 10 meters up to 30 meters, particularly during the peak diving season, offering spectacular views of the flourishing ecosystem. Diving here provides encounters with groupers, congers, octopuses, and a variety of smaller invertebrates such as starfish, crayfish, and prawns. Pelagic species like sunfish and seabream are also common, especially in areas with currents. The reserve is also known as a 'Shipwreck Cemetery,' with several historic wrecks scattered at different depths, providing adventurous immersions and excellent opportunities for underwater photography. Accessible by boat from Peniche, the main island, Berlenga Grande, offers amenities for visitors and serves as a base for exploring the surrounding dive sites. The reserve's protected status ensures a thriving marine environment, making every dive a chance to witness Portugal's unique aquatic biodiversity.

Dive site facts: Berlengas Nature Reserve

Depth

5–40 m

Typical dive

15–30 m, 50–60 min

Current

Variable, mild to strong

Visibility

10–30 m

Water temperature

16–21°C

Entry

Boat

Level

All levels, current experience beneficial for some sites

Dive type

Reef, wreck, cave, macro, wide-angle

Night dive

Possible

Region / port

Peniche, Central Portugal

Coordinates

39.4167, -9.5167

Conditions & Currents

Currents in the Berlengas Nature Reserve vary significantly between dive spots, influenced by the exposed oceanic location and the 'Nortada' phenomenon during summer, which creates marine winds. While some sites, like 'Parede de Rabo de Asno' or 'Rinchão,' are known for usual or frequent currents that attract pelagic species, others offer more relaxed conditions. Divers should be prepared for varying current strengths and directions, especially in deeper areas or around prominent rock formations. Entry and exit techniques are typically boat-based, and dive briefings will account for prevailing conditions to ensure safety. Visibility can be excellent, particularly in late summer and early autumn, but it can also fluctuate depending on weather and sea state.

Marine life & sighting chances

Groupers

common

Conger eels

common

Octopuses

common

Starfish

common

Crayfish

common

Manta rays

occasional

Nudibranchs

common

Forkbeards

common

Red Gorgonians

common

Sunfish

occasional

Seabream

common

Triggerfish

occasional

Lobsters

common

Dive profile & how the dive runs

A typical dive in Berlengas often begins with a boat entry, usually a tender, dropping divers at a site like 'Parede de Rabo de Asno.' You descend along a dramatic wall covered in red gorgonians, sometimes entering caves that shelter shoals of pouts. The dive progresses along the wall, maintaining an average depth of 28 meters, where currents are common and attract pelagic species. After exploring the wall and its intricate features, the turn point is signaled, and you begin a gradual ascent. Safety stops are typically conducted in shallower, calmer areas, often near the boat, before a boat exit. Other sites, like 'Flandres,' offer a more relaxed profile starting on a shallow sandy bottom, transitioning to a small cavern, and concluding with exploration of a minor wreck, with safety stops managed in a similar manner.

Underwater photography

Berlengas offers diverse photographic opportunities, from wide-angle shots of dramatic underwater caves and gorgonian-covered walls to macro photography of nudibranchs, crayfish, and other invertebrates. For the expansive cave systems and vibrant gorgonian fields, a wide-angle lens with external strobes is essential to capture the scale and color. When photographing inside caves, practice excellent buoyancy to avoid stirring up silt and to protect delicate ecosystems. Macro enthusiasts will find plenty of subjects among the cracks and crevices of the rocky seabed and wrecks, with focus lights aiding in capturing minute details. Be mindful of subject etiquette, especially in the protected marine reserve; avoid touching marine life or disturbing wrecks. Good visibility, especially from August to October, enhances the chances for sharp, clear images.

Combine with nearby dive sites

• Caneiro dos Meros

  Known for its rich marine life and varied topography, similar to Berlengas.

• Arrábida Reef

  Located further south, offering different marine park experiences.

• Ocean Revival Park (Algarve)

  A dedicated wreck park offering distinct diving experiences, but further south.

• Sesimbra Wreck Garden

  Offers multiple wreck dives, providing an alternative for wreck enthusiasts.

Getting there & logistics

Access to Berlengas Nature Reserve is primarily by boat from Peniche, a town approximately an hour's drive north of Lisbon. Daily ferries, such as the Cabo Avelar Pessoa, transport passengers to Berlenga Grande in about 30 minutes. Dive operators in Peniche organize day trips, often including two dives and an opportunity to explore the island. While it's possible to visit for a single day, some travelers choose to spend a night on Berlenga Grande, which has limited accommodation options. The island is a protected area, and visitors should adhere to nature reserve guidelines. There are no specific dive permits mentioned beyond standard tour costs, but respecting the ecosystem is paramount. Diving in Berlengas is typically part of a short break from mainland Portugal, combining cultural exploration with underwater adventures.

Safety & environment

Diving in Berlengas requires adherence to established safety protocols, particularly due to variable currents and the nature of cave and wreck dives. Divers should ensure they have appropriate insurance covering diving activities, including emergency evacuation. The nearest recompression chamber would be on the mainland, likely in Lisbon or a major hospital, making emergency logistics potentially complex. All dives should be conducted with experienced local guides who are familiar with the specific conditions and topography of each site. Given the remote nature of the archipelago, divers must carry out thorough buddy checks and meticulously plan air consumption. Respecting the marine reserve's rules, including not touching or removing anything, is crucial for both personal safety and ecosystem preservation.

Who it suits — and who it doesn't

FAQ

Berlengas Nature Reserve FAQ

Liveaboards diving Berlengas Nature Reserve

These liveaboards may visit Berlengas Nature Reserve on selected itineraries — the exact dive sites depend on departure, weather and conditions.

Water And Wind

Portugal

8 guests13.41 m

$434/day