Black-crowned Night HeronNycticorax nycticoraxWhere and when to see them

The Black-crowned Night Heron is a compact, widespread wetland bird found across much of the world. It occurs in both the Nile and Mekong basins, where suitable wetlands provide feeding grounds and sheltered roosts. Adults have a distinctive black crown and back, contrasting with grey wings and pale underparts. Unlike many familiar herons, it is most active around dusk, at night and near dawn. Although globally widespread, local populations can be affected by wetland loss, pollution and disturbance at breeding colonies.

Size

58–65 cm in length.

Weight

500–1,000 g.

Lifespan

Can live for more than 20 years in the wild.

Status

Least Concern (IUCN).

Black-crowned Night Herons usually spend daylight hours resting in trees, shrubs or dense wetland vegetation. They often roost communally, sometimes alongside other herons and egrets. Feeding activity generally increases towards dusk, although birds may also forage during daylight, particularly when raising young. A hunting bird commonly stands motionless at the water's edge before striking quickly at passing prey. It also walks slowly through shallow water while searching for food. Breeding takes place in colonies, with stick nests built in trees, shrubs or occasionally reedbeds. Both parents incubate the eggs and feed the chicks. Some populations migrate seasonally, while others remain in suitable areas throughout the year.

• Its scientific name means “night raven,” referring to its habits and croaking call.
• Adults often appear almost neckless because they rest with the neck tucked in.
• Young birds can climb among branches before they are able to fly.
• Breeding colonies may contain several species of herons and egrets.

Wildlife opportunities depend on the river reach, water levels and species. River-specific viewing months have not been confirmed; general species seasons are not a local sighting forecast.

This heron uses freshwater, brackish and coastal wetlands, including rivers, marshes, lakes, estuaries and mangroves. It generally feeds in shallow water or along accessible margins rather than in deep, fast-flowing channels. In the Nile basin, suitable habitat includes vegetated riverbanks, islands, irrigation canals and delta wetlands. In the Mekong basin, it also uses floodplain wetlands, rice-growing landscapes and wooded waterways. Trees, shrubs and dense reeds provide important cover for resting and nesting.

Its diet includes fish, amphibians, crustaceans, aquatic insects and other small animals. It also occasionally takes small mammals, young birds and eggs. Prey is usually captured with a quick thrust of the bill and swallowed whole. The balance of foods varies with local conditions and seasonal availability.

Common name

Black-crowned Night Heron

Scientific name

Nycticorax nycticorax

Animal group

Birds

Size

58–65 cm in length.

Weight

500–1,000 g.

Lifespan

Can live for more than 20 years in the wild.

Status

Least Concern (IUCN).

Identification

Adults have a black crown and back, grey wings, pale grey to whitish underparts, red eyes and yellowish legs. The heavy, dark bill and short-necked, stocky appearance help distinguish them from more slender herons. Breeding adults develop long, narrow white head plumes, and their legs may become pinkish or reddish. Juveniles are brown with pale spotting and streaked underparts, while flying birds often give a harsh, single-note croak.